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What is Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder?

ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects a person’s ability to focus, control impulses, and regulate their behaviour. It can also impact their social interactions and academic or professional performance.

Causes

The exact cause of ADHD is unknown, but research suggests that genetics, brain chemistry, and environmental factors can play a role.

Possible causes include:
• Genetics: ADHD often runs in families, indicating a genetic component.
• Brain chemistry: The brain chemicals dopamine and norepinephrine, which regulate attention and behaviour, may be imbalanced in people with ADHD.
• Environmental factors: Exposure to toxins during pregnancy or early childhood, low birth weight, premature birth, and traumatic brain injuries may increase the risk of developing

Symptoms

Symptoms of ADHD can vary between individuals and may change over time. Common symptoms include:
• Inattention: Difficulty focusing on tasks, forgetfulness, disorganization, and poor time management.
• Hyperactivity: Restlessness, fidgeting, and excessive talking or interrupting others.
• Impulsivity: Acting without thinking, difficulty waiting for turns, and making hasty decisions.

Diagnosis & Treatment

Diagnosis of ADHD typically involves a thorough evaluation by a medical professional, including medical history, behavioural assessments, and symptom checklists.

Treatment may include:
• Medication: Stimulant medications, such as methylphenidate and amphetamines, can improve attention and reduce impulsivity and hyperactivity in some individuals.
• Behavioural therapy: Techniques such as cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) and behavioural parent training can help improve organization, time management, and social skills.
• Education and support: Learning about ADHD and connecting with support groups can provide coping strategies and emotional support.

Additional Information

There are three types of ADHD:
• Inattentive type: Difficulty focusing and organizing, but not hyperactive or impulsive.
• Hyperactive-impulsive type: Hyperactivity and impulsivity without significant inattention.
• Combined type: Symptoms of both inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity.

ADHD can also occur with other conditions, such as anxiety and depression, and can have long-term effects on academic and professional success if left untreated.

If you suspect you or a loved one may have ADHD, seeking evaluation and treatment can greatly improve quality of life and functioning.

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